Genome-wide characterization of the abscisic acid-, stress- and ripening-induced (ASR) gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L)

BACKGROUND: Abscisic acid-, stress-, and ripening-induced (ASR) genes are a class of plant specific transcription factors (TFs), which play important roles in plant development, growth and abiotic stress responses. The wheat ASRs have not been described in genome-wide yet. METHODS: We predicted the transmembrane regions and subcellular localization using the TMHMM server, and Plant-mPLoc server and CELLO v2.5, respectively. Then the phylogeny tree was built by MEGA7. The exon-intron structures, conserved motifs and TFs binding sites were analyzed by GSDS, MEME program and PlantRegMap, respectively. RESULTS: In wheat, 33ASR genes were identified through a genome-wide survey and classified into six groups. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the TaASR proteins in the same group tightly clustered together, compared with those from other species. Duplication analysis indicated that the TaASR gene family has expanded mainly through tandem and segmental duplication events. Similar gene structures and conserved protein motifs of TaASRs in wheat were identified in the same groups. ASR genes contained various TF binding cites associated with the stress responses in the promoter region. Gene expression was generally associated with the expected group-specific expression pattern in five tissues, including grain, leaf, root, spike and stem, indicating the broad conservation of ASR genes function during wheat evolution. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that several ASRs were up-regulated in response to NaCl and PEG stress. CONCLUSION: We identified ASR genes in wheat and found that gene duplication events are the main driving force for ASR gene evolution in wheat. The expression of wheat ASR genes was modulated in responses to multiple abiotic stresses, including drought/osmotic and salt stress. The results provided important information for further identifications of the functions of wheat ASR genes and candidate genes for high abiotic stress tolerant wheat breeding.

Childhood cancer in Mongolia: focusing on trend in incidence from 2008 to 2017 / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction@#An international study coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and published today in The Lancet Oncology shows that in 2001–2010, childhood cancer was 13% more common than in the 1980s, reaching an annual incidence rate of 140 per million children aged 0–14 years worldwide. Cancer incidence and mortality statistics reported by International Cancer Research Center (2016), over 300,000 children develop cancer worldwide each year, 215000 children aged 0-14 years and 85000 children aged 15-19 years. Internationally comparable data on childhood cancer incidence in the past two decades are scarce. Based on the need for comparison of childhood cancer incidence in Mongolia to the global level, the study aimed to categorize cancer among children aged 0-19 years. @*Goal@#To study the insidence rates and trend from childhood cancer last 10 year in Mongolia@*Materials and Methods@#The study was conducted in 786 new cases childhood who were cancer diagnosed, between 2008 and 2017 year. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated by the direct method using age-specific incidence rates and weights based on the age distribution of the standard world population @*Results@#Over the past 10 years, childhood cancer accounted for 1.5% of total cancer in Mongolia. By WHO and IARC data, worldwide childhood cancer age standardized rate (ASR) is 106.0, in Mongolia childhood cancer ASR (101.6) is lower than world average. The most common childhood cancers worldwide are: 1st leukemia, 2nd lymphoma, 3rd central nervous system cancer, 4th retinoblastoma, 5th soft tissue cancer. Over the past 10 years the most common childhood cancers in Mongolia are: 1st leukemia, 2nd central nervous system cancer, 3rd joint bone cancer, 4th lymphoma, 5th soft tissue cancer. Our country’s childhood cancer ASR is below compared to other countries, but expected growth rate is gradually increasing (3.0 per year).@*Conclusions@#</br> 1. Leukemia is the most common childhood cancer in worldwide and also in Mongolia. </br>2. By sex, childhood cancer incidence is higher in boys than girls. </br>3. By age group, childhood cancer incidence is the highest in 0-4 age group. </br>4. By region, childhood cancer incidence is the highest in central region. </br>5. The overall incidence of childhood cancer (1 million children) in Mongolia is expected to increase by 3.0 over the next 5 years.

An analysis on the current situation of malignant tumor in Shaoxing City / 预防医学

Objective To describe the current situation of malignant tumor in Shaoxing City ,2009—2014.Methods Data was from the chronic disease monitoring information management system of Zhejiang Province and was used to calculate the crude incidence,age -standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population (ASR China).Results During 2009 -2014,the average crude incidence of cancer in Shaoxing was 310.44 /100 000 (male 353.68 /100 000,female 266.91 /100 000),and the ASR China was 146.76 /100 000 (male 160.89 /100 000,female 132.15 /100 000).From 2009 to 2014,the crude incidence and ASR China of cancer in Shaoxing increased by 40.59% and 20.52%,respectively. Among male,the crude incidence and ASR China of cancer in Shaoxing increased by 25.10% and 2.52%,while among female that increased by 64.96% and 46.95%.Among six counties,Keqiao had a fastest growth in the incidence of cancer with a 63.16% increase,followed by Shengzhou with a 52.16% increase and Yuecheng had a slowest growth with a 25.09% increase.The incidence of cancer in creased with age and reached the peak value (1 364.12 /100 000)among 80-age group,then decrease slightly among 85 -age group.Conclusion The incidence of cancer was increasing year by year.The incidence among male was higher than that among female,while the increase of incidence among female was faster than that among male.

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of the MaASR1 gene in banana and functional characterization under salt stress

Background Abscisic acid (ABA)-, stress- and ripening-induced protein (ASR) is plant-specific hydrophilic transcriptional regulators involved in sucrose stress and wounding in banana. However, it is not known whether banana ASR genes confer salt stress tolerance. The contexts of the study was to analysis the sequence characterization of banana ASR1, and identify its expression patterns and function under salt stress using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and overexpression in Arabidopsis. The purpose was to evaluate the role of banana ASR1 to salt stress tolerance employed by plants. Results A full-length cDNA isolated from banana fruit was named MaASR1, and it had a 432 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 143 amino acids. MaASR1 was preferential expression in roots and leaves compared to low expression in fruits, rhizomes and flowers. Under salt stress, the expression of MaASR1 quickly increased and highest expression level was detected in roots and leaves at 4 h, and then gradually decreased. These results suggested that MaASR1 expression was induced under salt stress. MaASR1 protein was localized in the nucleus and plasma membrane. MaASR1 was transformed to Arabidopsis and verified by southern and northern analysis, transgenic lines L14 and L38 integrated one and two copies of MaASR1, respectively, while overexpression in transgenic lines provided evidence for the role of MaASR1 to salt stress tolerance. Conclusions This study demonstrated that overexpression of MaASR1 in Arabidopsis confers salt stress tolerance by reducing the expression of ABA/stress-responsive genes, but does not affect the expression of the ABA-independent pathway and biosynthesis pathway genes.